Friday, January 20, 2017

Intensifiers:

To make adjectives stronger, we use intensifiers. 

Adjective များကို ပို၍ အားကောင်းအောင်လုပ်ဖို့ intensifier များကို သုံးပါတယ်။


Eg. Very
Really
Extremely
Very interesting story.
Everyone was really excited.

Other intensifiers are

အခြား intensifier များမှာ


Amazingly
Exceptionally
Incredibly
Remarkably
Particularly
Unusually

Wednesday, January 18, 2017

Adjectives which can be used only in front of nouns

Noun အ​ရှေ့မှာပဲ သုံးလို့ရ​သော adjectives မျာ


​ခေါင်​းစဉ်​ ကြည်​့ပြီး ဟင်​..adjective ပါဆို noun အ​ရှေ့မှာ မသုံးလို့ ဘယ်​နား သွားသုံးရမလဲလို့ ​စောဒက မတက်​ကြပါနဲ့အုံး :-P :-P :-P


Afraid တို့ alive တို့လို link verb နဲ့ပဲ တွဲပြီး noun နဲ့ တွဲမရတဲ့ adjective ​တွေ ရှိ​နေလို့ပါ။


I am alive လို့ပဲ ​ရေးလို့ရပါတယ်​။ alive man လို့ ​ရေးမရပါ။


Noun အ​ရှေ့မှာပဲ သုံးသင်​့တဲ့ adjectives ​တွေက​တော့

north, south, east, west

northern, southern, eastern, western

countless, occational

lone

eventful

indoor, outdoor

Sunday, January 15, 2017

Link verbs + ed adjectives

Some ed adjectives are normally used only after a link verb:

တစ်​ချို့ ed adjectives ​တွေက link verbs ​နောက်​မှာပဲ သုံးလို့ရပါတယ်​။


Annoyed, finished, bored, pleased, thrilled


Examples:

Our teacher was ill. (True)

We had an ill teacher. (False)


The police man is very annoyed. (True)

He is an annoyed police man. (False)

Friday, January 13, 2017

Adjectives used only after a link verb

Some adjectives are used only after a link verb.
Afraid
Alive
Alone
Asleep
Content
Glad
ill
Ready
Sorry
Sure
Unable
Well
For example, She is afraid.
She felt sorry.

What is a link verb?
A link verb is one which shows relationship between the subject of the sentence and a noun or adjective.

Common link verbs are
Be (am, is, are, was, were)
Become
Appear
Feel
Look
Remain
Seem
Sound
Get
Go
Grow
Taste
Smell

Thursday, January 12, 2017

Orders of adjectives

Adjectives usually come in this order. 


Adjective များသော အားဖြင့် ဤ အစီအစဉ်အတိုင်း ရေးရပါတယ်။


1 general opinion

2 specific opinion

3 size

4 shape

5 age

6 color

7 nationality

8 material


Opinion adjective  မှာ general opinion နဲ့ specific opinion ဆို နှစ်​မျိုးရှိပါတယ်​။


General opinion adjectives can be used to describe almost any noun.

Noun တိုင်​းလိုလိုနဲ့ တွဲလို့ရပါတယ်​။ ဥပမာ nice man ဆိုလည်​းရတယ်​ nice food, nice book ဆိုလည်​း ရတာပဲ။

Good

Bad

Lovely

Strange

Beautiful

Nice

Brilliant

Excellent

Awful

Important

Wonderful

Nasty


Specific opinion adjectives are used to described particular kinds of noun. သင်​့​လျော်​​သော noun နဲ့ပဲ တွဲလို့ ရတာပါ။

ဥပမာ tasty food ပဲရှိတယ်​ tasty color လို့ မရှိပါ။


Food- tasty, delicious

Furniture, building- comfortable, uncomfortable

People, animal- clever, intelligent, friendly


General ကို specific ရဲ့ ​ရှေ့မှာ ထားပါတယ်​

E.g. nice tasty food

Wednesday, January 11, 2017

-ing and -ed adjectives

-ing adjectives

Common -ing adjectives are

Amusing

Shocking

Surprising

Frightening

Interesting

Disappointing

Exciting

Tiring

Worrying

Boring

Terrifying

Annoying

ဗမာလို လွယ်​​အောင်​​ပြောရရင်​​တော့ -ing adjective ​တွေကို ခံစားချက်​ ဖြစ်​​ပေါ်​စေ​သော လူ အရာဝတ္ထု တို့နဲ့ တွဲသုံးပါတယ်​။ -​စရာကောင်​း​သော လို့ ဆိုနိုင်​ပါတယ်​။ ဥပမာ boring ငြီး​ငြွေ့စရာ​ကောင်​း​သော။

The film is boring. ရုပ်​ရှင်​က ငြီး​ငွေ့စရာ ​ကောင်​းတယ်​။

ရုပ်​ရှင်​ = ငြီး​ငွေ့ခြင်​းကို ဖြစ်​​စေ​သော အရာဝတ္ထု


-ed adjectives

Common -ed adjectives are

Annoyed

Bored

Frightened

Worried

Tired

Closed

Excited

Delighted

Disappionted

-ed adjective ​တွေကို ခံစားတဲ့လူ​တွေနဲ့ တွဲသုုံးတယ်​။ ဥပမာ bored ငြီး​ငွေ့​သော

I am bored. ငါ ငြီး​ငွေ့တယ်​။

I = ငြီး​ငွေ့မှုကို ခံစား​သောလူ


The film is boring. So I am bored.

:-) :-) :-)

Subject verb agreement

Subject verb agreement

Subject verb agreement ဆိုတာ ဘာမှ အထူးအဆန်​း မဟုတ်​ပါဘူး။ Subject ​နောက်​မှာ သင်​့​လျော်​တဲ့ verb လိုက်​တာပါ။ ဥပမာ မြန်​မာစကားမှာလည်​း

ငါ လုပ်​လိုက်​တယ်​။ ငါတို့ လုပ်​လိုက်​ကြတယ်​။ အများဆိုရင်​ ကြ ဆိုတဲ့ တစ်​လုံးက​လေး ပိုထည်​့ရတာမျိုး​ပါ။ အမှန်​​တော့ subject verb agreement ကို elementary level ကတည်​းက သင်​ဖူးခဲ့ကြမှာပါ။ ​မေ့​နေရင်​ ပြန်​​နွှေးဖို့


I go

You go

We go

Mike and Micky go

He goes

She goes

It goes

Micky goes

(Present simple မှာ subject အနည်​းဆိုရင်​ verb မှာ s သို့မဟုတ်​ es ထည်​့ရပါတယ်​)


Past simple ဆိုရင်​​တော့ အကုန်​ အတူတူပါပဲ

I/we/you/they/he/she/it/Mike and Micky/Mike + went

I/we/you/they/he/she/it/Mike and Micky/ Mike + had


Verb to be ​တွေ အတွက်​

I am

You/We/They/Mike and Micky + are

He/She/it/Mike + is


I was

You/We/They/Mike and Micky + were

He/She/it/Mike + was


Has နဲ့ Have နဲ့ အတွက်​

I have

You/we/they/Mike and Micky + have

He/she/it/Mike + has


​မေ့​နေမှာစိုးလို့ပါ။ :-)

Monday, October 24, 2016

Verbs followed by verbs

Verbs followed by verbs

When a verb is followed by another verb, the second verb may be

Verb တခုနောက်ကနေ နောက် verb တခု ကပ်ရက် လိုက်တဲ့အခါ ဒုတိယ verb သည် infinitive သို့မဟုတ် gerund ပုံစံ ဖြစ်တတ်ပါသည်။

an infinitive
Eg. I want to go.

ing form (gerund)
Eg. I enjoy swimming.

It depends on the first verbs. ဘယ်အပေါ်မှာ မူတည်သလဲဆိုရင် ပထမ verb အပေါ်မှာ မူတည်ပါတယ်။

Sunday, October 23, 2016

it is no use/there is no use (doing something)

People tried to stop her, but it was no use. လူ​တွေက သူမကိုတားဖို့ ကြိုးစားခဲ့ကြတယ်​။ ဒါ​ပေမယ်​့ အဆင်​မ​ပြေပါဘူး (မ​အောင်​မြင်​ပါဘူး)


It is no use/there is no use ရဲ့ ​နောက်​မှာ V ing လိုက်​ပါတယ်​။ လုပ်​တဲ့ဟာက အကျိုးမရှိ အသုံး မဝင်​ဘူးလို့ ဆိုလိုပါတယ်​။


There is no use asking me about it, because I don't know anything. ငါ့ကို အဲဒါအ​ကြောင်​း ​မေးတာ (​မေးတဲ့သူအတွက်​) ဘာမှ အကျိုးမရှိဘူး။ ငါမှ ဘာမှ မသိတာ။

it is no good doing something

💬It is no good + ving


💬It is no good trying to persuade me. You won't success. ငါ့ကို စည်​းရုံး ဆွဲ​ဆောင်​​နေတာ အကျိုးမရှိဘူး။ မင်​း ​အောင်​မြင်​မှာ မဟုတ်​ဘူး။


💬It is no good ရဲ့​နောက်​မှာ v ing လိုက်​ပါတယ်​။

အဲဒီ လုပ်​​နေတဲ့ အလုပ်​ အကျိုးမရှိဘူး မ​ကောင်​းဘူး ​အောင်​မြင်​မှာ မဟုတ်​ဘူး ဆိုလိုတာပါ။


💬It is no good worrying about situations you can't control. ကိုယ်​ ထိန်​းချုပ်​လို့မရတဲ့ အ​ခြေအ​နေ​တွေနဲ့ ပတ်​သက်​လို့ စိတ်​ပူ​နေလည်​း အလကားပဲ။

Wednesday, October 19, 2016

Agree + prepositions

Agree

With
I agree with you on this issue.

About/on
My father and I don't agree about/on very much.

+that
I agree that he should be invited.

+question word
Experts were unable to agree whether the drug is safe or not.

+to infinitive
The bank has agreed to lend me £9000.

Agree to something (phrasal verb) = to agree something
eg. agree to the terms of the peace treaty

Agree with something (phrasal verb) = to think something is morally acceptable
eg. I don't agree with hunting.

Agree to somebody (phrasal verb) = if a situation or new conditions agree with you, they make you feel healty and happy
eg. You look well - the mountain air must agree with you.

Complaining, protesting and remonstrating

Some verbs relating to complaining, protesting and remonstrating
(Source: eng voc in use Adv)

😡Complain about

😡Protest about

😡Object to

😡Remonstrate against

😡find fault with somebody/something

😡Grumble about

😡Gripe about

😡Grouse about

😡Whinge about

Tuesday, October 18, 2016

Linking verbs

တစ္​ခ်ိဳ႕ verb ​ေတြ​ေနာက္​က noun သို႔မဟုတ္​ adjective လိုက္​ပါတယ္​

He was a good teacher.
N + V + N

He was happy.
N + V + Adj

He became angery.
N + V + Adj

These verbs are link verbs. Common link verbs are
Be
Become
Appear
Feel
Look
Remain
Seem
Sound

Some common link verbs followed by adjective.
Get
Go
Grow
Taste
Smell

Adjectives + prepositions At to in with for

At
Good at ​ေတာ္​
She is very good at Geography.

Bad at ညံ့
She is bad at History.

Better at ပို​ေတာ္​
She is much better at tennis than me.

Hopeless at ​ေမ်ာ္​လင္​့ခ်က္​မဲ့
I am hopeless at sport.

To
Married to လက္​ထပ္​
She is married to a doctor.

Engaged to ​ေစ့စပ္​
She is engaged to a doctor.

Similar to တူ
Paul is similar to his brother.

different from ျခားနား
Emily is different from her sister.

In
Interested in စိတ္​ဝင္​စား
I am interested in sport.

On
Keen on
Dependent on (independent of)

With
Crowded with

For
Famous for
Responsible for

Monday, October 17, 2016

Adjectives + to infinitives DEFGHL

Delighted
We would be delighted to come to dinner on Friday.

Disappointed
He was disappointed to find they had already gone.

Determined
I am determined to get this piece of work finished today.

Eager
She sounded very eager to meet you.

Fortunate
You are very fortunate to have found such a lovely house.

Glad
I am glad to know the parcel arrived safely.

Happy
You will be happy to know that James is winning the first prize.

Lucky
They are lucky to have such a nice office to work in.

Likely
Do remind me because I am likely to forget.

Adjectives + to infinitives ABC (adjectives and participial adjectives followed by infinitives)

amazed
Mr Graham was amazed to find ancient gold coins inside the pot.

Afraid
Don't be afraid to say what you think.

Anxious
I am anxious to get home to open my present.

Ashamed
He was ashamed to admit to his mistake.

Astonished
I was astonished to see Miriam there.

Careful
Be careful to look both ways when you cross the road.

Certain
The population explosion is certain to cause widespread famine.

Content
They are content to socialize with a very small circle of people.

Sunday, October 16, 2016

Modal (could)

could

😎😎can ၏ past tense အဖြစ် သုံးနိုင်သည်။

အထူးသဖြင့်

see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand စသည်တို့နှင့် တွဲသုံးသည်။


I could smell the gas as soon as I entered the house.

I couldn't hear very well from the back of the theatre.


to say that somebody had the general ability to do something

စွမ်းရည် တစ်ခုခုရှိကြောင်း ပြောရာတွင်သုံး

My grandfather could speak five languages.


to say that somebody had the permission to do something

ခွင့်ပြုချက် တောင်းရာတွင် သုံး

We were totally free. We could do what we wanted.


😎😎to talk about possible action now or in the future (especially to make suggestions)

What shall we do tomorrow?

မနက်ဖြန်ခါ ဘာလုပ်ကြမလဲ

We could go to the cinema.

ရုပ်ရှင်သွားကြမယ်လေ (ရုုပ်ရှင်သွားလို့ရတယ်)

(Not used as the past of can)


😎😎for the actions which are not realistic

I am so tired, I could sleep for a week. ငါ အရမ်းပင်ပန်းနေတယ်။ တစ်ပတ်လောက်တောင် မထပဲ အိပ်ပစ်လိုက်နိုင်တယ်။ (တကယ်တော့ ဘယ်သူမှ တစ်ပတ်လောက် ဆက်တိုက်မအိပ်နိုင်။ not realistic ဒါကြောင့် can မသုံး could သုံး)

I am so hungry. I could eat you up.


😎😎to say that something is possible now or in the future. The meaning is similar to may or might.

ဖြစ်နိုင်တာကို ပြောဖို့သုံး. may/might တို့ သုံးသလိုမျိုး

The story could be true. But I don't believe.


😎😎past tense of could = could have done

I was so hungry. I could have eaten you up.


something could have happened = it was possible to happen but did not happen

ဖြစ်နိုင်ခဲ့တယ် မဖြစ်ခဲ့

Diana was lucky. She could have died in her car crash. But luckily she survived.


😎😎for request

Could you wait a moment, please?

ခနစောင့်လို့ရမလား (not the past of can)


Do you think you could…….= request

Do you think you could lend me your car?


😎😎Asking for things 

တခုခုတောင်းတဲ့နေရာမှာ သုံး

(at the coffee bar) Could I have a cup of coffee, please?

ကော်ဖီတစ်ခွက်ပေးပါ/ ငါကော်ဖီတခွက် ရနိုင်မလား ကျေးဇူးပြု၍


😎😎Asking to do things ​

တခုခုလုပ်ချင်လို့ မေးတဲ့အခါ သုံး

Could I use your car?

မင်းကားကို သုံးလို့ရမလား

Modal (can)

😃something is possible or allowed တစ်ခုခု ဖြစ်နိုင်တယ်၊ တစ်ခုခုကို ခွင့်ပြုတယ်

I haven't got a car. ငါ့မှာ ကားမရှိဘူး။ You can use my car. ငါ့ကားကို သုံးလို့ရတယ်နော်။


😃somebody has the ability to do something တစ်ယောက်ယောက်မှာ စွမ်းရည် တစ်ခုခုရှိတယ်

Can you speak any foreign language? နိုင်ငံခြားဘာသာတစ်ခုခု ပြောတတ်သလား။

No, I can't. မပြောတတ်ဘူး။


😃to ask people to do things (request) လုပ်ပေးနိုင်သလား မေးတဲ့အခါ request လုပ်တဲ့အခါမှာ

Can you wait a moment, please? ခနစောင့်နိုင်လား။

can

😃to ask for something ပစ္စည်းတစ်ခုခု တောင်းတဲ့အခါ (ဥပမာ စျေးဝယ်တဲ့ အခါမျိုး)

(in a shop) Can I have these postcards, please? How much? ဒီ ပို့စ်ကဒ်တွေ လိုချင်လို့၊ ဘယ်​​လောက်​လဲ။

(during a meal) Can I have the salt, please? ဆားနည်းနည်းလောက် ရမလား။


😃Can I…..? တစ်ခုခု လုပ်ပေးချင်တဲ့အခါ

Can I get you a glass of water? ရေတစ်ခွက်လောက် ခပ်ပေးရမလား

Can I help you? ကျ​နော်​ ကူညီရမလား၊

Adjective + preposition (sorry) E

Sorry

😞Sorry about a situation or something that happened. အ​ခြေအ​နေ တစ်​ခု ဖြစ်​ပျက်​သွား​သော မ​ကောင်​းတာတစ်​ခုအတွက်​ ဝမ်​းနည်​း​ပေး

I'm sorry about Julie losing her job.


😞Sorry for/about something you did.

ကိုယ်​လုပ်​မိတာ အတွက်​ စိတ်​မ​ကောင်​းဖြစ်​မိ

I'm sorry for shouting at you yesterday.


😞Feel sorry for somebody who is in bad situation.

အ​ခြေအ​နေ မ​ကောင်​းတဲ့သူအတွက်​ ဝမ်​းနည်​း

I feel sorry for Matt. He's had a lot of bad luck.


😞[+ (that )] 

I'm sorry (that) you had such a difficult journey.


😞[+ to infinitive] 

We were both sorry to hear you've been ill again.


😞feel sorry for yourself

ကိုယ်​့ကို မ​ကောင်​းတာ​တွေ ဖြစ်​လို့ ဝမ်​းနည်​း

He sounded very sorry for himself on the telephone.


😞I'm sorry to say

​ပြောရမှာ အားနားပါတယ်​။ ​ပြောရမှာ စိတ်​မ​ကောင်​းပါဘူး။

I'm sorry to say that the project's funding has been cancelled.

Most people who start the course do, I'm sorry to say, give up within the first two weeks.

sorry


😞​တောင်​းပန်​​သော စကား

Oh, I'm sorry - I didn't see you there.

Tom, I'm so sorry about last night - it was all my fault.

I've said I'm sorry.


😞I'm sorry

သ​ဘောမတူ၊ ငြင်​းဆို​သောအခါ ယဉ်​ယဉ်​​ကျေး​ကျေး ဖြစ်​​အောင်​ ​ပြောဆို​သောစကား

I'm sorry but I think you've made a mistake.

I'm sorry, I can't agree.

Adjective + preposition (sorry)

😞Sorry about a situation or something that happened.
I'm sorry about Julie losing her job.

😞Sorry for/about something you did.
I'm sorry for shouting at you yesterday.

😞Feel sorry for somebody who is in bad situation = I feel sorry for Matt. He's had a lot of bad luck.

😞[+ (that )]
I'm sorry (that) you had such a difficult journey.

😞[+ to infinitive]
We were both sorry to hear you've been ill again.

😞feel sorry for yourself
disapproving to feel sad because you have a problem and you feel that it is not fair that you are suffering so much
He sounded very sorry for himself on the telephone.

😞I'm sorry to say
​ေျပာရမွာ အားနားပါတယ္​။ ​ေျပာရမွာ စိတ္​မ​ေကာင္​းပါဘူး။
I'm sorry to say that the project's funding has been cancelled.
Most people who start the course do, I'm sorry to say, give up within the first two weeks.
sorry

😞​ေတာင္​းပန္​​ေသာ စကား
Oh, I'm sorry - I didn't see you there.
Tom, I'm so sorry about last night - it was all my fault.
I've said I'm sorry.

😞I'm sorry
သ​ေဘာမတူ၊ ျငင္​းဆို​ေသာအခါ ယဥ္​ယဥ္​​ေက်း​ေက်း ျဖစ္​​ေအာင္​ ​ေျပာဆို​ေသာစကား
I'm sorry but I think you've made a mistake.
I'm sorry, I can't agree.